Article III of the United States Constitution creates a judicial branch of the national government. Notice that the actual structure and extent of the powers of this branch are not expressed in as much detail as the legislative (Article I) and executive (Article II) branches. The structure and extent of judicial power would be decided later with an act of Congress and by the court itself. Read the three following documents and answer the following questions.
The Judiciary Act of 1789.
What does the act do and why was it controversial?
Marbury v. Madison.
What was the case about? Why could it be argued that it is the most important Supreme Court case ever?
McCulloch v. Maryland.
What was the case about? Why is this a case that cements national power?
49 comments:
Kelsey Brooks
Hour 2-2
The Judiciary Act of 1789
The Judiciary Act of 1789 established a federal court system in the United States. This court system helped sustain the Constitution's power and authority. The Judicial branch was to consist of a Supreme Court and other inferior courts which Congress would establish as needed. When this act was first introduced, it brought along much controversy. The states did not want to give a federal court the right to overturn state court decisions. States rights activists feared that this act would put to much power in the hands of the central government. Others, such as James Madison, thought the Judicial Branch was needed to avoid the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation era.
Marbury vs. Madison
William Marbury was to be appointed to a judship position however, his commision had not yet been approved when John Adams came to the end of his presidential term. This put the federalist Marbury in a very sticky situation. The Antifederalists just gained power of the presidency and they were not going to grant a Federalist a judgeship. This resulted in William Marbury suing Secretary of State, James Madison, to force him to deliver his commision papers as a justice of peace. The new Chief Justice, John Marshall, understood that no matter what decision the court made, it would appear weak. Marshall decided to rule that Madison should have delivered the commision to Marbury. He was able to chastise the Jeffersonians without making the Court appear weak. This case is viewed as one of the most important Supreme Court cases in American history. This is because the Court assumed certain powers during this case. The Supreme Court took the authority to declare acts of the Congress as well as implication acts of the presidency. The court also became an arbiter of the Constitution, the final authority on what a document meant and should say. This caused the Supreme Court to become an equal partner in the government.
Muculloch vs. Maryland
With the War of 1812 going on, the government realized a re-charter for the National Bank was needed. Since the Jeffersonians had not renewed the charter for the original National Bank, a second charter for the second Bank of the United States was passed by Congress and President Madison. Many state banks did not agree with this new installment because they did not want their banks to be over shadowed by the Bank of the United States. This caused the state of Maryland to impose a tax on all of the bank's operations. James Muculloch, a cachier of the Baltimore branch of the Bank of the United States, refused to pay the tax and the issue went to court. Chief Justice, John Marshall, endorsed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States and went on to uphold the federal governments power under the Constitution. This case cemented the power for the modern national state that would emerge after the Civil War. This increases and showed the power that the national government had under the Constitution. This re-showed the fact that states were now inferior to the national government.
The Judiciary Act of 1789 -->
This established a court system to sustain the power and authority of the Constitution. Just like the other issues of this time period, there was a heated debate and controversy that came along with the act after it was passed. Activists in the states didn't want this act because they thought it would don too much power to the central government. James Madison was for this act because he believed it would strengthen the Articles of Confederation.
Marbury vs. Madison -->
Marbury's commission wasn't approved in time by John Adams. Since he was a federalist and the antifederalists just gained more power, they weren't going to give him the position. In reaction to this, Marbury sued James Madison in order to force him to deliver his commission papers. John Marshall figured out that this wouldn't really work because the argument in court would be flimsy. Marshall ruled so Madison would deliver the papers to Marbury.
McCulloch vs. Maryland -->
During the War of 1812, the government decided it was time to re-charter the National Bank. Because the Jeffersonians didn't renew the charter for the original National Bank, President Madison passed one. A lot of the state banks didn't agree with this because they didn't want their banks to be shadowed by this bank. In response to this, Maryland imposed a tax on each action that the banks took. James McCulloch refused to pay these taxes and so the issue was brought up in court. John Marshall endorsed these taxes, and went up against McCulloch in court. The result of this court issue proved that the states had less power and were inferior in many ways to the national government, duh.
Judiciary Act of 1789:
This act established the lower federal courts and the first Congress created federal trial courts and federal appeals court to comply with it's provision. There was controversy between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists because Federalists wanted a federal powers to protect against local bias and keep central government, while Anti-Federalists were against a national government and wanted the state's to have the power.
Marbury vs. Madison:
First decision by Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional. This established the judicial law. Thomas Jefferson had told James Madison to with hold from William Marbury the commission he appointed John Adams and to the courts they went. It is probably the most important case because now courts can declare statutes unconstitutional.
McCulloch vs. Maryland:
This was the decision by the Supreme Court that affirmed the constitutional doctrine of Congress's implied powers. It dealt with the newly formed national bank and its legitimacy. A second bank was created after the first bank had failed and the states were worried about a national bank overpowereing their state's bank. Maryland set and example but putting a tax on all banks not chartered by the state but his tax was later voted unconsititutional. The case became the legal cornerstone of subsequent expansions of federal power.
Abbey Gottinger
Hour 2-2
The Judiciary Act of 1789
The Judicary Act of 1789 was one of the first acts that established national unity among the states. It stated that there was to be a Supreme Court that would rule over all thirteen states. This issue was controversial because it took power away from the states and put a lot of power in the clutches of the federal govenment.Those who opposed feared that to much power in the hands of the governemtn would yield corruption---absolute power yields absolut corruption. Many people applauded the idea because it would strengthen the Union and it was the only way to overcome the weakness of the Articles of Confederation.
Marbury vs. Madison
When President Adams resigned as president he appointed federalist men to fill vacancies in the government. He wanted to thwart the incoming Jeffersonians who were anitfederalists. William Marbury sued Secretary of State James Madison for refusing to deliver his position.John Marshall, the new Cheif Jusice, who was to settle the dispute was in a dire predictament. If he ordered Madison to deliver his office the Jeffersonians would ignore it and if he ignored the complaint the court would have appeared to act out of fear. In both cases the court would appear weak. So what Marshall did was one of the most most important moves in the Supreme Court.He stated that Madison should have delivered the commission to Marbury, but then he declared that the Supreme Court under the Judiciary Act overruled the Court under the Constitution and so Madison's position was therefore null and void. He was able to punish the Jeffersonians and not let the court appear weak. This was important because the powers of the Supreme Court were defined. It had the authority to declare acts of Congress and acts of the president unconstitutional if they exceeded the powers granted by the Constitution. Another importance is that the Supreme Court became the final authourity on what the Constitution meant and an equal partner in the government.
Marbury vs. Madison
During the War of 1812 President Adams realized that the United States needed the service of a national bank. There had been one in the past but the Jeffersonians had not renewed it when its charted ran out. In 1816, the government issued a second charter of a United States bank which established branches thoughout the union. Many state banks resented the national bank and looked to state legislatures to establish restrictions on the national bank operation. Maryland imposed a tax on the bank operation and James McCulloch the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the national bank refused to pay. This issue went to court. The matter being tried was not whether a national bank was constitutional or unconstitutional but state power verse federal authority.Chief Justice John Marshall not only claimed that the bank was constitutional but he paved the way for the union of modern national states. This was an important case for national power because it is an example of a time when state power went against national power and lost. It set the standard for the rise of future federal power and the deline of state power.
Veronica briggs hour 9-9
The federal court system was established by the judiciary act in 1789. This branch was made up of the supreme court and other smaller court systems.This court system helped the constitution keep it's power. At first the states did not want to give the federal court the righ to overturn the state courts decisions, they thought all the power was going to be put in the hands of the central goverment.
Niesha Spencer
Hour: 9-9
The Judiciary Act of 1789
The Judicary Act of 1789 established a federal court system. It was controversial because people were worried about how much power the constitution transfered from the states to the federal government. States right activist opposed giving the new courts too much power. Supporters of the federal court systems felt that the federal court system could overcome the weakness from the confederation period.
Marbury vs. Madison
When a number of commissions had not been delivered, William Marbury sued the Secetary of state, James Madison, to force him to deliver his commission as a justice of peace. It can be argued that the Marbury vs. Madison can be seen as the most important supreme court case because the court becamed the arbiter of the constitution.
McCulloch vs. Maryland
The case of McCulloch vs. Maryland was when Maryland imposed a tax on bank operations, and James McCulloch, cashier of Baltimore branch of BUS, refused to pay the tax and the issue was sent to the courts. The case of McCulloch vs. Maryland cemented the power for the modern national state bank to emerge.
Allison Cleppe
Hour 6-7
--Judiciary Act of 1789--
The Judiciary Act was to maintain the power and authority that the constitution had. this caused controversy between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. Federalists wanted to keep federal powers to keep central government. But Anti-Federalists did not want a national governmanet they wanted the states to have power. James Madison wanted this act, he thought this would bring strength to the Articles of Confederation.
--Marbury vs. Madison--
James Madson did not approve Marbury's commission in time. Marbury was a federalist and the antifederalists gained power, the antifederallists did not want to give him the position. In Marbury's deffence he sued Madison to try and make him deliver the madion's commission papers. by the order of John Marshall, Madison had to deliver the papers to Marbury.
--Muculloch vs. Maryland--
A decision by the Supreme Court that gave the Congress implied powers. The states worried that the national bank would over power thies state bank. the first bank failed and the states. Maryland put a tax on all banks not chartered by the state. This tax was voted unconsititutional. the National governmant proved to be more powerful then the staes govenment.
Bao Thao
Hour 6-7
--The Judiciary Act of 1789--
The Judiciary Act of 1789 was made by the federal court. What it does is that it should be part of one Supreme Court and such inferior courts as Congress from time to time to be established. There were debates in seeing the state didn't want to give the court the rights to make the decision.
--Marbury vs. Madison--
The case was about the commision of the presidential term. In this situation, Anti-federalists gained power during the time -being. It is the most important case because now the courts can declare that was status unconstitutional. Also because of the constitution.
--Muculloch vs. Maryland--
The States denies the obligation of a law enacted by the legislature of the Union, on his part, the contests the validly of an act which has been passed by the legislature of that State. In 1816, Congress chartered The Second Bank of the United States. In 1818, the state of Maryland passed legislation to impose taxes on the bank. James W. McCulloch, the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the bank, refused to pay the tax.
Rachel sekey
Hour 6-7
-The Judiciary Act of 1789-
The Judiciary Act was a landmark statue adopted on September 24, 1789 in the first session of the First United States Congress establishing the U.S. federal judiciary. The act meant that the congress could make smaller state judicial systems. Leader's of states didn't approve certain things such as how much authority the government should obtain.
-Marbury V. Madison(1803)-
The case was about that the administrators of Washington and Adams wanted to repeal the Judiciary Act of 1800. This case was known as one of the most important cases for the Supreme Court because of how much power it held on the constitution.
-McCulloch V. Maryland-
President Madison thought it was necessary to charter a second Bank of the United States in which Maryland imposed a tax on the bank's operations and once McCulloch refused to pay the tax they went to court.
Sarah Parsons
Hour 2-2
THE JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789
This act was the result of Congress' want to have a federal court system. It stated that the judicial branch twas to be made up of one supreme court and the inferior, temerary courts established by the Congress. This was contriversial due to the fact of the seperation of support for the state governments and the national governments. The states did not want to allow a federal court to have the power to overturn the decissions and courts of teh states. The state supporters thought this was giving the national government too much power. There was the other side where people thought that it was a great idea to allow a federal court system causing much contriversy and debate.
MARBURY VS. MADISON
This case was about how William Marbury was placed under a judship position but his acceptance wasn't given by the time John Adams was going to be done being president and eventually caused a dispute where Marbury sued James Madison. Marshall was the judge and the result ended up that Madison had to deliver the commision to Marbury. This was one of the most important cases in Supreme Court because the Court took powers upon themselves making a level of expectations for the Supreme Court vs. State courts later. The Supreme Court was then given a part in the government while it started to enforce the laws of the Constitution.
MCCULLOCH VS. MARYLAND
The case McCulloch vs. Maryland is about the disputes between the charters for the National bank and the state banks. It was when Maryland decided to tax all transactions with the bank. The McCulloch part comes in when he refuses to pay this tax that Maryland decided to charge and this disobediance struck a movement and went to court. Marshall agreed with the state of the bank dealing with the consitution and continued to the point of the federal government's power. This case cements national power because it presents the increased power the national government has because of the constitution. It reenforces the fact that the national government overpowers the state government according to the constitution.
(sorry for any spelling errors)
Angel Johnson
[Hour 2]
The Judiciary Act of 1789:
stated and established a court system in the united States. The act allowed the Supreme Court to rule over all 13 states, and allowed inferior courts to be authorized when needed by the Congress. A federal Court system was created, helping to limit the Constitutions influence and strength. With this act, Anti-Federalist and Federalists debated. The Anti Federalists favored states rule, and this act provided unity and central national government. They disagreed with the act unlike the Federalists [James Madison && John Jay], who thought the idea of united nation and central government would improve the country and the Articles.
Marbury vs. Madison:
John Adams [Federalist] was at the end of his term in office, and to keep the party of Federalists going, he found it necessary to fill all government jobs with fellow Federalists. When John Adams had not approved Marbury's commission in time, Marbury sued James Madison, in order to get his commission papers sent out. In arguing rule, Marbury was sent his papers and the court was not redeemed as being weak. This case could be argued the most important Supreme Case ever because the Supreme Court over came the Congress, the President, and the Constitution. This case lead to the Supreme court to be the most powerful and influential source in the United States. No matter what, the Supreme Court would have the last, final say from then on.
McCulloch vs. Maryland:
With the War of 1812 in motion, President James Madison was in need of a national central bank. Since the rechartering of the bank was not done by the former president [Thomas jefferson], James Madison and the Congress recharted the national bank. The idea of a national bank scared the states banks, and thus they were in disagreement to a overpowering national bank. When taxes were imposed on banks actions, a man [James McCulloch] refused to pay and a court case was excersised. The courts, with Cheif Justice Marshall advising, said the bank to be constitutional and allowed it to emerge. This case cements national power because the Federalists are in power, and the states are loosing their indivisual power, with their last hope [Their own state banks] overpowered by a national bank. The Federalists have won, and the anti federalist state lovers lost the majority of their power.
The Judiciary Act of 1789
The Judiciary Act of 1789 installed the Judicial branch of the governement, other wise known as the Supreme Court. The purpose of this court system was to make sure the Constitution was being upheld and the rights were granted to all. This act was debated because it was the classic argument between states rights vs. federal rights and those who believed in states rights thought the Judicial branch was taking power away from states courts.
Marbury vs. Madison
William Marbury was appointed to the Supreme Court under John Adams, but he had not yet been confermed by the time Adams' presidency was up. The opposing party (antifederalists) were now in office and Marbury was a federalist. Because of this Marbury sued Madison to force him to deliver his commision papers as a justice of peace. John Marshall, the new chief justice, ruled that Madison should have delivered his commision to Marbury. This ruling is important from a historical standpoint because during this case the supreme court took on certain powers. They had the authority to declare acts of the Congress. The court also became the final authority on what a document meant and should say. This caused the Supreme Court to become an equal partner in the government.
Muculloch vs. Maryland
During the War of 1812 President Adams realized that the United States needed the service of a national bank. In the past the nation had had a national bank, but the Jeffersonians had not renewed it when its charted ran out. In 1816, the government issued another charter for a United States bank. Many state banks felt threatend by the national bank and asked state legislatures to establish restrictions on the national bank operation. Maryland imposed a tax on the national bank and the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the national bank, James McCulloch, refused to pay. This issue went to court, not as a debate whether a national bank was constitutional or unconstitutional; but state power verse federal authority. John Marshall not only insisted that the bank was constitutional but he paved the way for the union of modern national states. This case foreshadowed to the future when federal power would be greater than state power, because this was one of the first cases when states power lost to national.
The Judiciary Act of 1789's main purpose was to establish a federal court system in the United States. The problem with establishing this act was the debate in congress which was about how much power the Constitution transfered from the states to the federal government. State's rights activists were opposed to giving the new courts too much authority. People who supported Congress argued that only a strong federal court system could overcome the weaknesses during the Confederation period.
The Marbury vs. Madison controversy of 1805 was caused by William Marbury and how he sued James Madison to force him to deliver his commission as a justice of the peace. John Marshall was the judge and the result was that Madison had to deliver the commision to Marbury. This could be argued as one of the most important supreme court cases ever because the Court assumed the powers of Congress as well as becoming an arbiter of the Constitution. It caused the Supreme Court to become an equal partner in the national government.
The McCulloch vs. Maryland case of 1819 represented a final step in the creation of a federal government. It involved the power of Congress to charter a bank. Alexander Hamilton proposed that Congress charter a Bank of the United States. Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson opposed the bank because the Constitution did not specifically give Congress such power to do so. President Washington backed Hamilton, and the bank was given a twenty-year charter. After the War of 1812, Congress chartered a second Bank of the United States and Maryland imposed a tax on the bank's operations. When James McCulloch, the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the BUS, refused to pay the tax, the issue went to Court. Marshall endorsed the constitutionality of the bank, and went on to uphold a broad interpretation of the federal government's powers under the Constitution. The case was important because it proved how state power was inferior to the national government.
Kayla Green hour 9-9
The Judiciary Act of 1789 established a federal court system in the united states which helper substain the constitutions power. the Judical branch consist of the supreme court, and other small courts that congress would esblish as needed. State activist feared that this act would give too much power to the central goverment. James Madision thought the Judicial branch was needed to avoid possible weakness of the articals of confederation.
Marbury vs. Madison
William Marbury was to be appointed to a judship position but his commision had not yet been approved when John Adams came to the end of his presidential term. This put the federalist Marbury in a very sticky situation. The Antifederalists just gained power of the presidency and they were not going to grant a Federalist a judgeship. This resulted in William Marbury suing Secretary of State, James Madison, to force him to deliver his commision papers as a justice of peace. The new Chief Justice, John Marshall, understood that no matter what decision the court made, it would appear weak. Marshall decided to rule that Madison should have delivered the commision to Marbury. He was able to chastise the Jeffersonians without making the Court appear weak. This case is viewed as one of the most important Supreme Court cases in American history. This is because the Court assumed certain powers during this case. The Supreme Court took the authority to declare acts of the Congress as well as implication acts of the presidency. The court also became an arbiter of the Constitution, the final authority on what a document meant and should say. This caused the Supreme Court to become an equal partner in the government.
McCulloch vs. Maryland
During the War of 1812, the government decided it was time to re-charter the National Bank. Because the Jeffersonians didn't renew the charter for the original National Bank, President Madison passed one. A lot of the state banks didn't agree with this because they didn't want their banks to be shadowed by this bank. In response to this, Maryland imposed a tax on each action that the banks took. James McCulloch refused to pay these taxes and so the issue was brought up in court. John Marshall endorsed these taxes, and went up against McCulloch in court. The result of this court issue proved that the states had less power and were inferior in many ways to the national government.
Veronica Briggs Hour 9-9
Marbury vs. Madison
Controversy of 1805 was caused by William Marbury and how he sued James Madison to force him to deliver his commission as a justice of the peace. John Marshall was the judge and the result was that Madison had to deliver the commision to Marbury. This could be argued as one of the most important supreme court cases ever because the Court assumed the powers of Congress as well as becoming an arbiter of the Constitution. It caused the Supreme Court to become an equal partner in the national government.
McCulloch vs. Maryland:
This was the decision by the Supreme Court that affirmed the constitutional doctrine of Congress's implied powers. It dealt with the newly formed national bank and its legitimacy. A second bank was created after the first bank failed and the states were worried about a national bank overpowereing their state's bank. Maryland put a tax on all banks not chartered by the state,his tax was later voted unconsititutional.
Shavanni Davis
Hour: 9
The Judiciary Act of 1789 was made to organize the Supreme Court and to establish the office of attorney general. It was controversial because Congress felt it gave too much power to the federal government and that it gave the courts to much authority. While supporters felt it would have overcome their weaknesses.
Maikeng Her
Hour 2-2
The Judiciary Act of 1789
The Judiciary Act of 1789 is one of the first acts made by the new congress. It created the Judicial branch that consist of the Supreme Court and other inferior courts whenever the congress needed it. The controversy about the act is the fight between state's rights and the centeral goveroment righs. There was a debate debate in Congress on how much power the Constitution transferred from the states to the federal government. Also the consitution was not clear on the powers of the judicial branch. This birngs up issues on implied and expressed powers along with liberal or strict intrepertation.
Marbury vs. Madison
This case between Marburry and Madison is that William Marbury is going to be placed under a judship position but his acceptance wasn't given by the time John Adams was going to finish his presidental term. This eventually caused a dispute and Marbury sued James Madison. Marshall was the judge of the case and in the end Madison had to deliver the commision to Marbury. This was one of the most important cases in Supreme Court because the Court took actions upon themselves. This allow he Supreme Court to be part of the goveroment to enforce the laws of the Constitution.
Muculloch vs. Maryland
President Adams saw that the United States a national bank during the War of 1812. There was one in the past but the Jeffersonians did renewed it when its charted ran out. In 1816, the government issued a second charter of a United States bank that established branches thoughout the union. Many states did not like this idea. Maryland for example imposed a tax on the bank operation and James McCulloch the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the national bank refused to pay and went to court. The dispute was whether a national bank was constitutional or unconstitutional. Chief Justice John Marshall claimed that the bank was constitutional and paved the way for the union of modern national states. This was an important case for national power because state power went against national power and lost. This allows states power to decline and national power to rise.
Nyisha Perry
Hour 6-7
The Judiciary Act of 1789
This act was to established a court system to sustain the power and authority of the Constitution. This act broughyt along a lot of controversy. Activists in the states didn't want this act because they thought it would give too much power to the central government. James Madison was for this act because he believed it would strengthen the Articles of Confederation.
Marbury vs. Madison
This case was about the administrators of Washington and Adams wanting to repeal the Judiciary Act of 1800.This could be argued as one of the most important supreme court cases ever because the Court assumed the powers of Congress as well as becoming an arbiter of the Constitution. It caused the Supreme Court to become an equal partner in the national government.
Muculloch vs. Maryland
This case is Maryland imposing a tax on bank operations, and James McCulloch, refused to pay the tax and the issue was sent to the courts.
Kia Xiong
Hour 2-2
The Judiciary Act of 1789::.
This act established a sustain court system power. It is controversial because some people thought that it would give too much power to the central government.
Marbury v. Madison::.
This case is about Marbury and Madison's repealing to the Judiciary Act of 1800. It can be argued that it is the most important Supreme Court case ever because the Supremem Court had given an equal power with the national government.
McCulloch v. Maryland::.
Many people didn't like the ideals of Maryland with the taxes on banks operations. McCulloch refuses to pay her taxes so her case was then sent to court. This shows that the states were inferior to the national government.
-Judiciary Act of 1789
Established a federal court system that helped Congress to combine law and equity into a single court system. Some activists opposed giving the new courts too much authority, while others argued that only a strong federal court system could overcome the weaknesses that had been so apparent during the Confederation period.
-Marbury V. Madison
Only members of the ruling Federalist Party were appointed to the bench. When the Republicans won the election of 1800, the Jeffersonians found out that while they controlled the presidency and Congress, the Federalists still dominated the judiciary. One of first acts was to repeal the Judiciary Act. A number of commisions had not been delivered so William Marbury sued Secretary of State James Madison to force him to deliver his commission as a justice of the peace. The Court became the arbiter of the Constitution, the final authority on what the document meant.
-McCulloch V. Maryland
Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton proposed that Congress charter a Bank of the United States.Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson opposed the notion. Hamilton responded by arguing that Congress had all powers except those specifically denied to it in the Constitution. President Washington backed Hamilton, and the bank was given a twenty-year charter. In the War of 1812, President Madison realized that the government needed the services of a central bank. Congress chartered a second Bank of the United States. Many local, state-chartered banks, eager to follow speculative policies, resented the cautious fiscal policy of the BUS, and looked to state legislatures to restrict the BUS operations. Maryland imposed a tax on the bank's operations, and when James McCulloch, the cashier of the Baltimore branch, refused to pay the tax, the issue went to Court. This case proves that states have a limited power compared to national power.
Sam Keller Jr.
Hr.2-2
The Judiciary Act of 1789
The Judiciary Act of 1789 was an act to establish judicial court of the U.S. The Act organized the Supreme Court, with a cheif justice and five associated, as well as federal district and circuit courts, and established the office of attorney general. The constitution sugfested that the judicial branch should be created in to one supreme court. There where contrasting opinions in the congress on how much power the constitution transferred from the states to the federal government. State Activist opposed giving power to the new courts. Supporters thought that only a powerful federal court system could overcome the weakness of the Confederation period. Everyone had an opinion on this subject even James Madison.
Sam Keller Jr.
hr.2-2
Marbury v.s. Madison
When Marbury lesrned that his commission was being shelved by new secretary of state, James Madison, he sued for its delivery. The case of Maurbury v.s. Madison, controversy had clouded the question of who had the final authority to determine the meaning of the constitution. The evidence was plain that the intemperate judge had not been guilty high crimes. The senate failed to muster enough votes to convict and remove Chase. From then on there has been on real use of the impeachment weapon.
Jingya Chen
Hour 6-7
The Judiciary Act of 1789-------
Jadiciary Act of 1789 was to establish a federal court system. Judical branch composed of one supreme court and other inferior courts.
Unlike the clearly powered Congress, Artical III of Constitution rather vague on what the judicial power should be and how much power should it have. If give the new court too much authority, some worried it will threaten the state rights, but others, think only a strong federal court system could overcome the weakness that had during confederation period.
Marbury vs. Madison----------
The case was William Marbury sued Secretary of State James Madision to force him to deliver his commosion as a justice of the peace. This case put the court into a dilemma, if the court awarded Marbury a writ of mandamus, the Jefferson administration would ignore it, and thus will weaken the authorities of the court, on other hand, if the Court denied it the writ.It might appear justies had acted out of fear.
The critical impotance of Marbury is the assumption of several power by the Supreme court, one was the authority to declare acts of Congress.
Muculloch vs. Maryland------
When President Madision realized that the goverment needed the services of a central bank. Congress charted the second BUS. The issue was Marryland imposed a tax on bank operation, and James McCuloch refuse to pay it. They want to the court. Chief Justic Marshall then endores the constitutionality of the bank and wented on to upload a interpretation of the federal goverment,this pave the way for modern nation because the state was lost to the national goverment in this case, which help cements nationl power.
Dan K. Hour 6-7
The Judiciary Act of 1789 created the modern federal court system of the US. It was controvercial because it braudened the power of the national government and many states rights activists argued that the courts would have too much power and take away from the authority of the states. Supporters believed the courts would solve congressional problems and would become the final say in all federal matters. In the case of Marbury v. Madison, William Marbury sewed Secratery of State James Madison to deliver his letter saying he was newly appointed to the Supreme Court. This case decided the extent of the Judicial branch's power, making it the final authority of all acts passed through Congres and gave it the power to declare any acts of the other federal branches unconstitutional. In McCulloch v. Maryland, James McCulloch sewed the Maryland government over paying excess taxes on transactions in the Bank of the United States. This case was more importantly about the extent of federal powers. In the end, the ruling allowed for the federal government to broadly interperate the constitution and to overide state laws.
Maria Reyes
Hr. 6-7
The Judiciary Act of 1789:
The Judiciary Act of 1789 allowed the establishment of a federal court system to exist and that it would consist of a Supreme Court as well as subordinate courts. This act was controversial due to the fact that supporters of it believed that an all powerful federal court system would benefit the United States as opposed to the states rights' activists who were against the Judiciary act because they were against giving too much power to the courts.
Marbury vs. Madison:
William Marbury, a man that was to be appointed a judge, sued Secretary of State James Madison for not following through with the commission that was promised to Marbury while Jhon Adams was still in office as president. It could be argued that this was the most important Supreme Court case ever because if the verdict resulted in favor of Marbury,the Jeffersonian government would ignore it and the power of the courts would appear minimal. However, if the court ruled in favor of Madison, it would appear as if the Supreme Court was simply ruling out of fear to appease the government's needs. Either way, the verdict would make the Supreme Court appear weak which is why it could be the most important case to ever reach the Supreme Court.
McCulloch vs. Maryland:
The case of McCulloch vs. Maryland existed because Maryland imposed a tax on its branch of the Bank of the United States but James McCulloch (the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the Bank of the US) refused to pay the tax. This case paves an important part of the national power because since Chief Justice Marshall proved the validity of the Bank of the United States and its defeat over a state's (Maryland's) legislature through a liberal interpretation of the Constitution, a modern national state emerged.
Mary-Anne Amoo
Hour 9-9
The Judiciary Act of 1789
This was established because the government needed a sense of uniformity. But this uniformity was a battle between the states and the federal government. The Act established the federal court system in the United States. It was to sustain the power of the constitution, but the thing is the constitution wasn't really clear on how the judiciary power was to be split. James Madison was in favor of this Act because he thought it would reinforce the power of the Articles of Confederation. Most people accepted it without any protest.
Amy Budnowski
Hour 2-2
Judiciary Act of 1789
The Judiciary Act of 1789 was one of the very first acts the Congress set into motion. This act established a federal court system which disturbed many strict constructionists and States rights fanatics. It became a controversial topic because Article III did not clearly state the rigthts of the judiciary branch. those who were concerned with states rights tested the power of the Constitution by how much it actually tranfers from states to federal court.
Marbury vs. Madison
William Marbury was appointed to sue James Madison for a commission of the justice of peace. John Marshall suggested that Madison deliver the commission to Marbury but hold the Judiciary Act of 1789. Of course, Marbury was furious. The new Republican party now held office and was trying to get rid of the numerous judiciary acts full of Federalists. It is argued that this could have been the most important Supreme Court case ever first because the Federalists have never not held Presidenct position, and without the Judicial Branch our government would be completely different.
McCulloch vs. Maryland
Initially, the U.S. first Treasurer of State was Alexander Hamilton. He introduced the idea of a national bank, the Bank of the United States. Thomas Jefferson opposed it argueing it did not follow the Constitution and he feared the Congress was gaining too much power. Although Washington granted a twenty year charter of the (BUS) the federalists did not renew it. It was later renewed until the War of 1812 broke out because President Madison realized the value of a national bank. The very power the government has at that time to be able to renew the bank despite the refusal of others cements national power.
Susanne Haas Hour 9-9
The Juciary Act of 1798 was the first Act to establish a federal Court System. That means, ist was the first time the states didn't have the main power and the states are unified under one. So there were, of course, people who said that the Supreme Court would have too much power.
In smaller areas/districts there shoul also be smaller local courts.
Articel III of the Constitution doesn't really say what the judicial power is supposed to do.
The Judiciary Act of 1789
It states that the judicial branch should have one supreme court and such inferior courts as Congress from time to time established. It was a controversial because the states didn't want to give the courts too much power.
Marbury v. Madison
The case was William Marbury sued Secretary of State James Madison to force him to deliver his commission as a justice of the peace. The new cheif, John Marshall understood that either case would be a denial of the basic principle of the supremacy of the law. The critical importance of Marbury is the assumption of several powers by the Supreme Court. The Sepreme Court became in fact as well as in theory an equal partner in government and it has played that role ever since.
McCulloch v. Maryland
The case was about the issue that involve, the power of Congress to Charter a bank. As part of his financial plan, Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton proposed that Congress charter a Bank of the United States, to serve as a central bank for the country. President Washington backed Hamilton, and the bank was given a twenty-year charter. The charter expire in 1811, and the Jeffersonians had not renewed it. A second bank of the US was open in 1816. Maryland imposed a tax on the bank's operations and when James McCulloch, the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the BUS, refused to pay the tax, the issue went to court.
Monica Pendleton Hr. 9-9
The Judiciary Act of 1789
It states that the judicial branch should have one supreme court and such inferior courts as Congress from time to time established. It was a controversial because the states didn't want to give the courts too much power.
Marbury v. Madison
The case was William Marbury sued Secretary of State James Madison to force him to deliver his commission as a justice of the peace. The new cheif, John Marshall understood that either case would be a denial of the basic principle of the supremacy of the law. The critical importance of Marbury is the assumption of several powers by the Supreme Court. The Sepreme Court became in fact as well as in theory an equal partner in government and it has played that role ever since.
McCulloch v. Maryland
The case was about the issue that involve, the power of Congress to Charter a bank. As part of his financial plan, Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton proposed that Congress charter a Bank of the United States, to serve as a central bank for the country. President Washington backed Hamilton, and the bank was given a twenty-year charter. The charter expire in 1811, and the Jeffersonians had not renewed it. A second bank of the US was open in 1816. Maryland imposed a tax on the bank's operations and when James McCulloch, the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the BUS, refused to pay the tax, the issue went to court.
( I put it on there twice because i forgot to put my nma e on the other one.)
Christopher Moss
Hr 6-7
The Judiciary Act of 1789:
This established a court system to sustain the power and authority of the Constitution. There many ideas and issues with this act being passed. It took the power away from the states and put the power into the central government. For this, James Madison and others applauded the idea because it would strengthen the Union. It also overcomes the weakness of the Articles of Confederation.
Marbury vs. Madison:
William Marbury was put in a higher position in the government, but wasn't approved by his commission when John Adams was there. When the federalist and the ant federalists just gained more power, they were not going to grant a Federalist a judgeship to him. This put William Marbury in a very wield situation. This made Marbury sued James Madison in order to force him to deliver his commission papers. John Marshall understood the problem they had. So no matter what decision the court made, it would appear weak or had no power. Marshall decided to rule that Madison should have delivered the commission to Marbury. With this problem and ideas they had with each other. Caused the Supreme Court to become an equal partner in the government. In long run this help everybody cause and problem they had with each other.
Muculloch vs. Maryland:
During the War of 1812, the government realized a re-charter for the National Bank for many reasons. When Jeffersonians didn't renew the charter for the original National Bank. President Madison and and his congress came along, they passed this second charter of the bank. Many of the state banks didn’t agree with this new idea because they didn’t want their banks to be over shadowed by the Bank of the United States. With this problem, the state of Maryland imposes a tax on all of the banks in this cause. James Muculloch, refused to pay the tax and the issue went to court because his own ideas what should be done. John Marshall endorsed the taxes, and went up against McCulloch in court. The result of the court rule and issue proved that the states had less power and were inferior in many ways to the national government.
Sam KellerJr
Hr.2-2
McCulloch v.s. Maryland
The case was about a suit that involved an attempt by the state of Maryland to destroy a branch of the Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on its notes. The court (John Marshall) declared the bank constitutional by invoking the the Hamiltonian doctrine of implied powers. John Marshall affirmed "that the power to tax involves the power to destroy." Marshall's ruling in this case gave the doctrine of "loose construction" its most famous formulation. The Surpreme Court had declared it constitutional in the case of McCulloch v.s. Maryland (1819)
Antonio Soto
Hr. 9
The Judiciary Act of 1979:
was an act that set a legitament federal court for the U.S. Under this establishment the court had the power to keep the constitution under control and in power including the do's and dont's of the United States men in authority. To keep them in check. However because the act, on some areas, held the power to deny and overturn certain court decisions many feared that giving too much power to a single government would end up in the collapse of the nation itself.(corruption)
Marbury Vs. Madison:
William Marbury was simply left hanging on the issue and comission of weather he was to be appointed to a judgeship position. However the unfortunate succesion that the president Adams had left the seat left marbury's fate in the hands of antifederalist James Madison, whom desided to not comply with marbury's preposition of judgeship. In the end the court granted the position to Marbury's favor. This was an important decision of the court because it exhibited ultimate power over the implications as well as written statements in the constitution in order to make a judicious rule.
Muculloch Vs. Maryland:
Because of the expenses emanated by the war of 1812 called for a national bank that could satisfy the economical needs, a national bank was in need and in effect established. However the bank of the state of Maryland didn't want their bank to be left second to this national bank, so they imposed a tax on all banks including this national bank. Correspondent of the national bank, James mulloch did not agree so he refused to pay the tax. Ergo, the case was sent to the court. The ruling for the case favored the power of the national bank because of the future lineance toward the bank itself and cemented the overall national power to be superior to that of the states.
Iris Ricks
Hour 2
The Judiciary Act of 1789
The Judiciary Act of 1789 created the Supreme Court of the United States and gave Congress the power to establish inferior courts. It was controversial because it was seen as a threat according to the states, who believed that it was an act of tyranny against the rights of the Americans. The activists against the Act saw it as too much power going to the new courts while its supporters saw it as a necessary act in order to overcome the weaknesses that the new Congress showed.
Marbury vs. Madison
Marbury vs. Madison was a landmark case in which William Marbury sued Secretary of State James Madison for not delivering his commission that would have appointed him as a justice of the peace by the time President John Adams had left office. Whichever direction Chief Justice John Marshall decided to look to, negative effects would take place. In the end, Marshall declared that Madison should have delivered the commission papers to Marbury before Adams's term ended, but because the Supreme Court had very little power to begin with, he was not able to force Madison to deliver the papers and therefore resulted in Madison's win. It could be argued that it was the most important Supreme Court case ever because it showed how much power the courts really had (which was very little), and the Court became the arbiter of the Constitution, the final authority on what the document meant.
McCulloch vs. Maryland
During the War of 1812, Congress, at President James Madison's recommendation, chartered a second Bank of the United States (BUS) because of the need for a central bank. Many state-chartered banks didn't like the policy that the BUS came with, and when Maryland imposed a tax on the bank's operations, the issue of James McCulloch, the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the BUS who refused to pay the tax, went to Court. Chief Justice John Marshall declared that the intentions of the bank were very constitutional and favored Maryland. This is a case that cements national power because it went on to uphold a broad interpretation of the federal government's powers under the Constitution.
LaShannon Spears Hour 6-7
The Judiciary Act of 1789
The Judiciary act was an act that was created by congress and was composed of a supreme court and other smaller courts. However, the inrtoduction of this act caused great controversy. The federal government could not decide how much power the judiciary branch should hold over state decisions.
Marbury Vs. Madison
During John Adams' term in office William Marbury was to be appointed to office. However, complications arose and he was not fully appointed. After John Adams term Antifederalist were elected and of course they would not elect federalist to office. He then sued James Madison to gain his position. The new court marshall, John Marshall decided that Madison should deliver the commision to Marbury. Marshall still found a way to reprimand the Jeffersonians so the courts did not appear weak. During this case the supreme court took on several powers. The supreme court became the supreme interpreter of the Constitution.
Mulloch Vs. Maryland.
While in office Alexander Hamilton introduced an idea to open a national bank. President Washington agreed that the national bank should be opened and ran by congress. However, Jefferson believed that this was not the right of Congress. Nonetheless, the bank was given a twenty year charter that expired in 1811. The charter was not renewed in 1811. With the war of 1812 Madison realized that a national was needed and the Second Bank of the United States was created. Many states were angered by this. Maryland began taxing all state banks. James Mulloch did not pay the tax and the case went to court. However, Marshall believed that the national bank was constitutional and actually endorsed the national bank.
Sean Loughran Hr.6-7
The Judiciary Act of 1789
The Judciary Act set up a federal court system in the U.S. The Constitution says that the juditial branch should be made of a Supreme Court and other lower courts, but Article III is vague on the juditial powers which was reason to be very contraversial. Many paople believed that this would take too much power from the states and give it the the federal gov. These people were mad because this would mean that the federal court could overturn state court dicisions. Where as, others believed that only a strong federal gov. could overcome weaknesses.
Marbury vs. Madison
This case was between William Marbury and Sec. of State James Madison. Marbury sued Madison to force him to deliver his comission as a justice of the peace. If the Court awarded Marbury with the comission, the authority of the court would weaken. If Marbury was denied it would appear that justice acted out of fear. The judge declared that Madison should deliver the comission and also null and voided the section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 that gave the Supreme Court the power to issue writs of mandamus. This case was so important because the Supreme Court became an equal partner in gov. and has been the main agency for the expansion of individual rights.
McCulloch vs. Maryland
In 1791, Alexander Hamilton proposed that Congress charter a Bank of the U.S. Thomas Jefferson opposed this idea because in the Constitution it is not expressed that Congress has that power. Hamilton believed that Congress had all power except those specifically stated in the Constitution. This case was when james McCulloch, the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the Bank of the U.S, refused to pay the tax. Chief Justice Marshall not only backed the constitutionality of the bank, but also gave a broad interpretation of the federal gov.'s power under the Constitution which cemented national power.
Mai Kaw Xiong
Hour 6-7
The Judiciary Act of 1789
The Judiciary Act of 1789 was an act by congress to establish a federal court system in the United States. The purpose of this act was to achieve the idea of combining both law and equity into one court system. The act was controversial because it startled the gain and lose of power between the state and national government. The states didn't want the new court gaining to much power however, many who supported and believed this establishment, of the Judicial Branch, would help to overcome weaknesses like those during the Confederation period.
Marbury v. Madison
William Marbury sued James Madison to try and force him to deliver his commission as a justice of peace. John Marshall the chief of justice at the time, realized that if the court grants Marbury a writ of mandamus it would appear as though the court seemed weak and if the court were to deny the writ, that would appear as though the court acted out of fear. The overall importance of this case was that the Supreme Court now became an equal partner in the government.
McCulloch v. Maryland
This case deals with the establishment of a national bank during the time Hamilton was Secretary of Treasury to after the War of 1812 when President James Madison realized that a central or national bank was needed. Maryland had imposed a tax upon the bank's operations and when James McCulloch refused to pay the tax, the issue went to the Supreme Court. This case was important in showing that national power had much control or power over the power of the states.
Brian Brown
Hr. 6-7
The Judiciary Act of 1789
To begin with I do agree with the highly controversial act at which stood for a very prosperous reason. Whether or not should power be rewarded to the federal court or to the states. Whoever this power be rewarded to would most likely control the U.S. I feel that the U.S. is too large to have 1 source control it, so why not have equal amount of sources and share the power. The Constitution was trying to take an advantage over the court system by searching for an authority seeker. The states felt that the federal court shouldn't have all the power, they felt that the states should be the ones who control the people.
Susanne Haas Hour 9-9
Marbury vs. Madison
President John Adams appointed federalist men to fill vacancies in the government before he was done. William Marbury was to be appointed to a judship position, but the acceptance wasn't given early enough. So the Court had to make a decison whether acceptance can be given or not. But with both yes and no the court would have seemed to be weak. Marshall decided to rule that Madison should have delivered the commission to Marbury. He showed that the copurt isn't weak and that it had the alst saying about what the constitution meant.
McColloch vs. Maryland
Maryland started to put a tax on the Bank, because it didn't want to have a national bank. They said it's unconstituional. But McCulloch refused to pay the tax, so this case went to the court and Chief Justice Marshall not only endorsed the constitutionality of the bank, but went on to uphold a broad interpretation of the federal government's powers under the Constitution. So he showed that the national bank ist sign of the unity and nothing in the constitution speaks against that.
Brian Brown
Hr. 6-7
Marbury vs. Madison
It played an important role because the court became the arbiter of the Constitution. Once again this was a conflict over 2 given theories or ideas by 2 of the U.S. ambassadors in the Constiituion. Marbury was at the verge of obtaining an higher position in the government but his commision was yet approved by the president since his term had just ended. Him being an federalist was a bit of a blow and an success for the anti-federalist which Madison was apart of. Now Marbury forced to sue Madison started conflict against him, now putting his commision on paper. Chief Marshall said that even though it was written on paper it was considered weak upon the decision of the court. Therefore Madison must give the commison to Marbury. Becoming one of the most important cases in the Supreme Court in American history.
Mucolloch vs. Maryland
The conflict was held in 1812 and it relied on how the bank system was ran. Muculloch was for the whole agreement of having a 1 bank cotrol over all the states. It would be call the Bank of the United States, now many states felt this would be good, but however some disagreed with this decision. Maryland felt that itslef should be resposible and in control of their own bank system and that it doesn't want to be apart of this. As this continued states thought differently on their decision and felt that they too should be in control of their own bank system. Now more states were against the Bank of the U.S.
The Judiciary Act of 1789
The Judiciary Act of 1789 was one of the first acts of the new Congress. Its purpose was to establish a federal court system that would be composed of one Supreme court, and other subordinate courts later established by Congress. This act was controversial because there were many debates on this issue. State's rights' activists opposed this act because it would give too much authority to the federal government. Supporters argued that a strong federal government would help overcome the weaknesses in government under the Articles of Confederation.
Marbury v. Madison
Marbury sued Madison to have the court order Madison to deliver his commission, ehich had not been delivered at the end of his term. This case was very important because it was the first case that involvled declaring acts of Congress unconstitutional, and the Court became the arbiter of the Constitution.
McCulloch v. Maryland
This case was about James McCulloch refusing to pay a tax that was imposed on bank operations in Maryland. It was sent to the Courts, and the opinion in the case represents the final step in creating the federal government.
Kia Yang
Hours 9-9
Judiciary Acts of 1789--> The Judiciary Act of 1789 was about the United States having a court system that has power and authority. This Judiciary Branch contains the Supreme court, where each state can only have one juriditionary judge.The judge can only have certain authority to hold powers over the voting affairs. Some states diagreed upon this because they think that it will only give more authority to the central government. Others had agreed. They think that it was needed to provide a organize court system.
Marbury vs. Madison--> This case was about who could take over the judge position in the judiciary branch. James Madison term was coming to an end, but then there was still alot of things to be said. So Marbury was to be appointed and said that he couldn't do it before the problems were settle. Therefore, the case was brought to court about what should be done and this got the court involve in the government. Thus, that is why it's the most important court case ever.
McCulloch vs. Maryland--> This case was about the revision of the National Bank. This was appointed by Congress and President Madison. Many banks disagreed against this and did not want the "big" bank to overthrow them. Therefore, there was a place tax on the banks operations. This cause many people to refuse to pay the taxes and this went to court. This case cements national power because it showed that the national government had certain powers according to the constition. Plus , it also showed that the people (of the states) were "higher" than their national government.
Ammy Lee
Hour 9-9
The Judiciary Act of 1789
The judiciary Act was established to be able to create a court system. Therefore the court system would have the authority and power and the power that were given were in the constitutiom. It also consist of branches and what each of those branches will do. It did although brought a lot of controversies to the people and president of that time. During tha era people did not want to give the power to the national government because they fear that the national government would have too much power over the people and so alot of the people disagreed.
Marbury vs. Madison
The issue that was brought up between these two people was that Adams was going to get appointed to become a judge but some what his commission was not yet appointed so then Marbury got fed up with it so he brought it up to the next level. It was also one of the most important case of all times because of the limited power that was available at that time. After this case the court system became equal to the other government and now it is equal to the national government.
McCulluch vs. Maryland
This case was about a bank and it was establish to re-charter the national banks. Many state banks did not want to go through with the process. They thought that it was going to bring them into following the National Bank. They refuse to pay the taxes and it was raised. It was brought to court about whether who should have the authority. This case cements national power because it showed what powers the National Government had over being under the Constitution.
Kayla Laurila
Hour 9-9
The Judiciary Act of 1789
The Judiciary Act of 1789 was established in order to help the United States form a federal court system. The Judicial Branch consisted primarely of the Supreme Court. And because of that much of the power that used to be in the hands of the people was no longer. James Madison, a forerunner of this act loved it because he felt it would strengthen the Articles of Confederation and help the government gain control over the states.
Maybury vs. Madison
This case is about the feud that William Maybury and James Madison had over the commisssion papers that Maybury wanted delivered. His papers had not been approved in time by John Adams and because of that James Madison had to decline them. Maybury felt this was completely unconstitional and since he felt he was not given a fair answer he sued James Madison. When the chief justice John Marshall heard the heated argument he sided with Maybury. And because of the court ruling Madison did grant Maybury the right to deliver the papers. This case showed the power of the constitution and was one of the first notices that the government was trying to take control over the people's rights.
Maculloch vs. Maryland
In 1812 when the U.S. was trying to become a more united country. The government decided to put a tax on all banks that were state run. They were trying to jump start the National bank and in their minds they hoped the tax would steer people away from joininfg the state banks. Although James Maculloch did not see this tax as a good idea and he refused to pay it. And when they went to court the case did not work in the favor of the Maculloch/the people. It only reassured the power that the government had in the United States.
Hour6-7 A.R.
The Judiciary Act of 1789 established power and authority in the constitiution. This was seen as a contreversey because some people thought that it would give too much power to the central governmen and many people didnt want that.
Marbury vs. Madison
The issue between two people was that Adams was going to get appointed to become a judge and Marbury didnt want that. It was also one of the most important case of all times because of the limited power that was available at that time. Then later on the court system became equal to the other government and now it is equal to the national government.
Brunner Alycia
Hour 2-2
The judicial branch did not receive as much emphasis as the executive and legislative. This judicial brand could be checked by the congress.
The Judiciary Act of 1789.
What does the act do and why was it controversial?
The Judiciary Act was when First United States Congress established the U.S. federal judiciary, which was controversial due to it, seemed that the nation was taking the freedoms and could be subject to tyranny.
Marbury v. Madison.
What was the case about? Why could it be argued that it is the most important Supreme Court case ever?
This case was when United States law decided that in the U.S. Supreme Court established judicial review as a legitimate power of the Court on constitutional grounds. It was the most important case within the Supreme Court because it allowed nufflication.
McCulloch v. Maryland.
What was the case about? Why is the case that cements national power?
Was another important Supreme Court case. Courts tried to stop the imposing taxes that were not charted in Maryland. The federal court tried to gain power that was not covered in the constitution.
Mary-Anne Amoo
Hour 9-9
Marbury Vs. Madison.
Marbury wanted a comission from Jonh Adams, but it wasn't approved as quicly as he wanted. John Adams was supposed to do this, but he didn't do so, and it was coming to end of his term. It became a supreme court Case because and Adams was accused by the Jeffersonians because he should have just signed the paper. So, the supreme court had to decide, and their decision carried a lot of power because they were basically the main government.
Mary-Anne Amoo
Hour 9-9
Muculloch vs. Maryland
At this time, the war of 1812 was going on. The government had to get approval for the opening of another bank; a second bank of the United States. This was approved, but the state banks were afraid that this big bank was going to take their money, and overshadow their little banks. James Muculloch,who was a cachier of the Baltimore branch of the Bank of the United States, didn't want to pay the tax, so he was taken to court. They told him the rights under the constitution, and he was found guilty.
Dan Purcell
hr 2
The Judiciary Act of 1789
This act established a more powerful and socially recognized court in the government. It established the supreme court and many smaller courts to handle less serious crimes on the local level.
The controverciality of this is that the state courts wanted to retain their power, and were afraid that the supreme court wouldn't permit that. Many feared that this would grant the government too much power.
Marbury v. Madison
Marbury was looking forward to his soon-to-be-appointed judgeship. However, James Madison, the current President, refused to appoint Marbury as a judge. This resulted in Marbury taking Madison to court, trying to force Madison into appointing him as a judge.
What makes this case so important, perhaps the most important, is that the court recognized and made use of certain powers that they held. This led to the courts becoming an equal part of the government, next to the executive and legislative branches, because it gave the courts Judicial Review. What Judicial review did, was that it allowed the court to ultimately decide how a legal document is worded and what it authorizes (or doesn't authorize).
Muculloch v. Maryland
During the time of the War of 1812, Congress and President James Madison passed a new charter on the national bank. The smaller, local banks feared this because they were afraid of being overpowered and losing their bank to the federal government. The state of Maryland then levied a tax on all banks within it's borders. James Muculloch, a cashier at a Maryland Bank, refused to give in to this tax. Muculloch was taken before the supreme court and Chief Justice Marshall found him guilty. This represented the power held in the national government by passing a new piece of legislature and upholding the new legislature without weariness or regret.
Post a Comment